International Journal of Business and Economic Development

The theory of taxes that was created by traditional schools of thought believed that lower tax rates will generate greater economic growth. However, modern schools of thought propagated that higher tax rates actually will produce more economic development, especially for developed countries. An expert in tax policy, Slemrod (2003) supports modern schools of thought that mentioned a country can increase its economic performance through spending the higher tax revenue for education and infrastructure. He also suggested adopting more sophisticated econometrics methods to get the evidence of clear positive impact of taxes on economic growth. With that, this study have been investigated the recent impact of tax rates and the other components of taxes not only for economic growth but the other economic indicators, in which employed Arrelano and Bond-Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator, system and different GMM and also fixed and random effects instrumental variables (RE/FE-IV). We were investigated the different impacts of taxes in low income, lower middle income, upper middle income and high income countries for the period of 2003-2009. In order to support the findings in high income countries, we also include 24 high income-OECD countries. This study found statistical evidence that the highest marginal tax rates and the other components of taxes have the positive and significant impact on economic development in high income and OECD countries which is supports the moder

The Zimbabwean retail banking sector presents numerous lessons as well as challenges for the marketing of electronic banking services. Within the last decade, the Zimbabwean banking sector together with the economy experienced a near collapse in 2004, rebounded in 2009 with the formation of the coalition government and once again took another dip in 2012, when three retail banks were placed under curatorship. Notwithstanding this volatility, industry literature reports an increase in adoption rates of electronic banking channels. It is against this background that the purpose of this paper seeks to establish the relationship between technology readiness personality traits and the adoption of electronic funds transfer at point of sale (EFTPoS) within the context of ‘volatile’ developing economies such as Zimbabwe. Results broadly confirm the efficacy of these personality traitsin predicting the adoption of technology-basedbanking services. This study provides new insights in that it suggests that technology readiness assumptions, regardless of prevailing economic conditions, will generally hold and remain good indicators foradoption even in uncertain and volatile situations similar to those observed in Zimbabwe.

Understanding the developmental issues faced by university students is critical for scholars and educators who are interested in learning and development. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of moral reasoning on law and ethical decision-making amongst business majors at higher learning institutions in the Klang Valley. This paper focuses on a set of qualitative data using path regression analysis with data drawn from business majors at institutions of higher learning in the Klang Valley. The study is conducted through survey research consisting of two parts: (a) demographic information and (b) moral reasoning on law and ethics. In the questionnaire, demographic information about gender, nationality, religion, races, and study of moral and knowledge of ethics are included. Results demonstrated that developmental gains in moral reasoning varied as a function of transitional phase, suggesting that some students may be more developmentally ready to face and resolve the educational challenges and demonstrated the ability to make ethical decisions. The paper is motivated by findings or suggestions in the literature that moral reasoning has an impact on law and ethical decision making. Further, the moral reasoning comprises distinguishing between right or wrong, virtuous or vicious in a certain situation using one’s own logic and values. The fundamental difference between moral reasoning and other forms of reasoning is that the conclusion supported by the reasonin

The purpose of this paper is to explore (1) the effect of the relationship among role stress (role conflict, role ambiguity, role novelty and role overload) on job performance, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover intentions; and (2) the situational relationships among job satisfaction, job performance, employee commitment to organizations and employee turnover intentions through a case analysis on college of management and technology (CMT) one of the Arab academy for science and technology and maritime transport. A structured questionnaire was developed. The hypotheses were simultaneously tested on a sample of 65 out of 100 employees distributed, giving a response rate of 65 per cent. Several analytical techniques were used to evaluate the relationships among the variables under investigation such as Pearson correlation, and chi-square. Hierarchical regression was used to evaluate the mediating role. The findings of this study have shown significant relationships among the variables under investigation as well as they have shown contribution as a moderator. It is imperative to better understand how a CMT skilled staff member can effectively and efficiently cope and manage with role stress and reducing or eliminating to a certain extent its negative effect on performance, satisfaction and commitment used in a way not to influence their intention to leave. This investigation is both timely and important within the Egyptian culture context. The research wa

One macro economics goal economist had always had interest in is price stability. This is because it directly affects the standard of living of the people and determines the level of poverty through the purchasing power theory. Such age long interest in developing countries such as Nigeria had been centered on its trend and determining factors, with differing findings, resulting into debate among policy makers. However, those findings mainly ascertained that inflation or price instability is the case in Nigeria and some other developing economies, with exchange rate and money supply playing major roles. This study employs time series econometrics technique, using mainly Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Philips Peron (PP) for stationarity and cointergration tests to situate Nigeria in this debate in a dynamic world. It uses quarterly data between 1981 and 2009, and finds that, “as it was in the beginning”, inflation remains the order of the day, and exchange rate devaluation and money supply have positive and significant effects on inflation in Nigeria, but in the long run only money supply matters. It then recommends among others, that until Nigeria is fully able to stimulate production for export in the long run, devaluation of the Naira should be discouraged. The study also recommends a continuous contractionary monetary policy to reduce inflation in Nigeria.

Many MBA programs are offering graduate courses in corporate governance either as a stand-alone elective course or as a topic for discussion throughout the curriculum. The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business’ (AACSB) Ethics Education Task Force (EETF)strongly encourages exposure to corporate governance in graduate programs. This paper looks at the pedagogy used to teach a graduate level elective course in corporate governance at a small, private Catholic Liberal Arts University. The focus of the course is to provide graduate students with a basic understanding of the history of corporate governance, both its regulatory past and present; provide an opportunityfor students to analyze some of the most popular theories that surround corporate governance and answers to who the board is responsible to, the stockholders or stakeholders of the firm; and finally the course aims to expose students to current issues related to the board of directors such as structure, selection, compensation, duties and liabilities among other current issues. The course is taught using a case driven, team based approach. The ultimate outcome of the course is to provide the student with tools necessary to identify and discuss issues faced by corporate leaders and board members, while encouraging students to become ethical participants in the corporate governance arena.

The establishment and promotion of the SMEs is considered to be the solution to many of the problems of the developing economies. This SME panacea compels the researchers to observe how this sector contributes in the economy of Pakistan. The core objective of the present paper remains to analyze the Input output relationship in this sector. so the study contains the productivity analysis of the small and medium scale manufacturing sector of Pakistan. This will unleash the role of the various inputs in production here. Extended Cobb Douglas Production Function has been utilized on the secondary, cross section data of the 3-digit forty eight SMEs of Pakistan for the year 2005-2006.Different variables like labor male and female, local and imported material, sales tax, excise duty, advertisement and capital are selected to analyze their effects on output of SMEs. Most of the variables are significant having expected relationship with output, however female labor both production and non-production have shown negative relationship with output. Heteroscedasticity is checked by White test, concluding no evidence found for its presence in the data. The policy recommendations are that government should play a vital role in hand holding and development of SMEs in Pakistan so that productivity of factors of production can be increased. Especially the measures should be taken to increase the productivity of women who make 52% of Pakistan’s population.

Carbon market is the brain child of the Kyoto Protocol for controlling green house gas emissions. This market has become the fastest growing financial market in the world. This market is mainly operated by Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), which allows carbon credit earnings and carbon trading between countries and companies, establishing carbon credit exchange in the business world. As the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol in 2012 is completing nearly, it is important to take stock of global scenario of the carbon business and its achievement level. India signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol in August 2002. Since India is exempted from framework of the treaty, it is expected to gain from the protocol in terms of transfer of technology and related foreign investments. India was an early player in the market and was doing well, but after the entry of China in 2005, it gradually outperformed India in the carbon market. This article focuses on the global scenario, India’s participation and performance in the carbon market. It also describes the market mechanism, highlights accounting treatment of carbon trading in India and international and finally cited number of case studies of Indian companies in carbon trade

This paper attempts to investigate whether the government of Bangladesh is promoting industrial exports and investigates the effects of industrial export on growth; with a notion, if de novo hypothesis holds. The paper attempts to check the effects of trade liberalization on growth applying methods of cointegration, and vector error correction model. The study concludes that trade openness is needed to be contained in a controllable level and suggests policymakers to regulate trade openness to gradually diminish the import trend.

Nigeria Labour Act under chapter 198 of 2004 states categorically the duty of employer of labour to provide employee’s with duties and tools to work with. In the quest to ensure this, most employers of labour often provide employee’s with computer system and internet facilities hoping this will facilitate their effective discharge of duties but reverse is the case as this study reveals what average employees use their official work hour for which now constitute distractions and interruption to their primary task. This research was conducted to determine the impact of online social networking (OSNs) on employee’s commitment to duties in the private and public organizations in Lagos State, Nigeria. Two (2) organizations constitute the population of study involving a total number of 100 respondents consisting of 40 senior staff and 60 junior staff whom were picked at random, as sample. The data was collected through the use of questionnaire and simple frequency distribution was used for the analysis. Findings were made and recommendations were put forward on how to manage unproductive online social networking during office hours. It was however concluded that online social networking cannot be stopped but managed to yield positive result for the organization

The 21st century is the arena of extremely dynamic and turbulent changes we have become not only witnesses but also participants of. They keep bringing newer and newer challenges for the functioning of the economies of individual countries and their regions, and the behaviours of enterprises - the basic elements of the subjective triad of each economy. Thus, the paper attempts to outline the background, causes and consequences of the changes in the bahaviour of contemporary enterprises, and justifies the necessity of the system reconstruction and the modernization of their structures in the face of crisis situations, the globalization challenges and the requirements of the New Economy.