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The Sundarbans: Sustainable tourism, livelihoods and economies involving Bangladesh and India Authors: Sarat Chandra Das Published: 04 Jun 2022 Article URL: https://ijbed.org/details&cid=202 References: Alliance, W. (2017) Another Coal Barge Sinks in the Sundarbans World Heritage Site, EcoWatch, Jan 17, 2017 https://www.ecowatch.com/coal-barge-sundarbans-2197486445.html>Accessed on 13 July 2020 Anisul,  I. N., (2015). "Rampal plant won't hamper environ". The New Nation. 27 October 2015   Accessed on July 13, 2020 Bengali forests are fading away, Zoological Society of London (ZSL) January 11, 2013   July 13, 20 Bhaumik, S. (2003) Fears rise for sinking Sundarbans, BBC News, 15 September Accessed on 12 July 2020 BizBangladesh, Investment in Bangladesh - Potential Sectors for Investment https://bizbangladesh.com/potential-sectors-for-investment> Accessed on July 13, 2020 Bramwell, B., and Lane, B. (1993) Sustainable Tourism: An Evolving Global Approach. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Vol. 1, pp l-5 (London: Routledge) Buckley, R. (2012) Sustainable tourism: Research and reality, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 39, Issue 2, April 2012, (Elsevier: Amsterdam) pp 528-546 Byrd, E. T., (2007) Stakeholders in sustainable tourism development and their roles: applying stakeholder theory to sustainable tourism development, Tourism Review, ISSN: 1660-5373, May 1, 2007, Vol. 62 No. 2, (Emerald: London) pp. 6-13 Case Study, UNESCO Accessed July 13, 2020 Climate Crisis: Bengal Tigers and TheSundarbans Face Extinction, Countercurrents.org January 30, 2013 "DoE changes stance on Rampal power plant". The Financial Express Accessed on July 13, 2020 Galrling, B. (2015) Oil Spill in Bangladesh! Why do mangroves matter?), Mission Blue Sylvia Earle Alliance, January 9, 2015 July 12, 2020 George, N., (2010). "Disputed isle in Bay of Bengal disappears into sea". Yahoo News. Associated Press. 24 March 2010 Accessed on July 13, 2020 Ghosh, A. (2015) 'Everyday disasters' driving flight from Sundarbans, Thompson Reuters Foundation News, April 7, 2015 Accessed on July 15, 2020 Ghosh, A. (2015) 'Poor planning, climate shifts devastating India's Sundarbans', Thompson Reuters Foundation News, November 17, 2012 Accessed on July 15, 2020 Goodwin, H. (2017) The International Centre for Responsible Tourism, Responsible Tourism Partnership taking responsibility for making tourism more sustainable, ICRT, October 3, 2017, Accessed on July 21, 2020 Hance, J. (2016) Thousands to march against coal plant threat to Bangladesh's Sundarbans forest, The Guaridan, March 2, 2016 Accessed on 13 July 2020 Hazra, S., (2002) Sea Level and associated changes in the Sundarbans, Science and Culture (ISSN 0036-8156), Vol 68, Issue no 9-12, 2002, School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University pp 309-321 July 12, 2020 Iftekhar, M. S. and Islam, M. R. (2004). "Managing mangroves in Bangladesh: A strategy analysis"  Journal of Coastal Conservation. Vol. 10, Issue 1, (NY: Springer) pp 139–146. Kumar, C., (2013). "Bangladesh Power Plant Struggle Calls for International Solidarity". The Huffington Post, 24 Septembe, 2013 Accessed on July 13, 2020 Liu, Z., (2010) Sustainable Tourism Development: A Critique, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Volume 11, Issue 6, Mar 29, 2010 (London: Routledge) Mahmud, I., (2016), "Unesco calls for shelving Rampal project", 24 September 2016 Accessed on July 13, 2020 "More reasons to stop Rampal power plant". New Age (Editorial). Dhaka. May 26, 2013. Accessed on July 13, 2020 Pachali, D., (2019) ‘’Sundarbans, which is 10 times bigger than the city of Venice, and its many facts’’, TimesTravel, Times of India, Jan 7, 2019   Accessed on 10 July 2020 Pani, D. R. et al (2013). "Exploration, evaluation and conservation of salt tolerant rice genetic resources from Sundarbans region of West Bengal", Journal of the Indian Society of Coastal Agricultural Research, Vol 30, Issue 1, pp 45–53 Reliefweb as cited in Cyclone Aila losses in Bangladesh estimated at 269 mln USD, Xinhua, 22 Jun 2009 Accessed on 12 July 2020 Scheyvens, R. and Momsen, J. H. (2008) Tourism and Poverty Reduction: Issues for Small Island States, An International Journal of Tourism Space, Place and Environment Vol 10,  Issue 1, Feb 12, 2008 Schilcher, D. Growth Versus Equity: The Continuum of Pro-Poor Tourism and Neoliberal Governance in Hall, M. C. (Ed.) (2007) Current Themes in Tourism: Pro-poor Tourism: Who Benefits? Perspectives on Tourism and Poverty Reduction (Clevedon: Channel View Publications) Spenceley, A. and Meyer, D., (2012) Tourism and poverty reduction: theory and practice in less economically developed countries, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Vol. 20, Issue 3, (London: Routledge) pp 297-317 "The Roar of Disapproval", HighBeam Research, February 20, 2016. cited in Dhaka Courier. 29 September 2013 Accessed on July 13, 2020 "Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert 23-05-2009 05z". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. May 23, 2009   Accessed on July 12, 2020  END. [1] Pachali, D., (2019) ‘’Sundarbans, which is 10 times bigger than the city of Venice, and its many facts’’, TimesTravel, Times of India, Jan 7, 2019   Accessed on 10 July 2020 [2] Ibid., [3] Hazra, S., (2002) Sea Level and associated changes in the Sundarbans, Science and Culture (ISSN 0036-8156), Vol 68, Issue no 9-12, 2002, School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University pp 309-321 July 12, 2020 [4] Ibid., [5] Liu, Z., (2010) Sustainable Tourism Development: A Critique, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Volume 11, Issue 6, Mar 29, 2010 (London: Routledge) [6] Ibid., [7] Bramwell, B., and Lane, B. (1993) Sustainable Tourism: An Evolving Global Approach. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Vol. 1, pp l-5 (London: Routledge) [8] Ibid., [9] Byrd, E. T., (2007) Stakeholders in sustainable tourism development and their roles: applying stakeholder theory to sustainable tourism development, Tourism Review, ISSN: 1660-5373, May 1, 2007, Vol. 62 No. 2, (Emerald: London) pp. 6-13 [10] Ibid, [11] x [12] Hazra, S., (2002) Sea Level and associated changes in the Sundarbans, Science and Culture (ISSN 0036-8156), Vol 68, Issue no 9-12, 2002, School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University pp 309-321 July 12, 2020 [13] Ibid., [14] Ibid., [15] Spenceley, A. and Meyer, D., (2012) Tourism and poverty reduction: theory and practice in less economically developed countries, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Vol. 20, Issue 3, (London: Routledge) pp 297-317 [16] Ibid., [17] Buckley, R. (2012) Sustainable tourism: Research and reality, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 39, Issue 2, April 2012, (Elsevier: Amsterdam) pp 528-546 [18] BizBangladesh, Investment in Bangladesh - Potential Sectors for Investment   Accessed on July 13, 2020 [19] Ibid., [20] Spenceley, A. and Meyer, D., (2012) Tourism and poverty reduction: theory and practice in less economically developed countries, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Vol. 20, Issue 3, (London: Routledge) pp 297-317 [21] Pani, D. R. et al (2013). "Exploration, evaluation and conservation of salt tolerant rice genetic resources from Sundarbans region of West Bengal", Journal of the Indian Society of Coastal Agricultural Research, Vol 30, Issue 1, pp 45–53 [22] Iftekhar, M. S. and Islam, M. R. (2004). "Managing mangroves in Bangladesh: A strategy analysis"  Journal of Coastal Conservation. Vol. 10, Issue 1, (NY: Springer) pp 139–146. [23] Bhaumik, S. (2003) Fears rise for sinking Sundarbans, BBC News, 15 September Accessed on 12 July 2020 [24] "Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert 23-05-2009 05z". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. May 23, 2009 Accessed on July 12, 2020 [25] Reliefweb as cited in Cyclone Aila losses in Bangladesh estimated at 269 mln USD, Xinhua, 22 Jun 2009 Accessed on 12 July 2020 [26] Hance, J. (2016) Thousands to march against coal plant threat to Bangladesh's Sundarbans forest, The Guaridan, March 2, 2016 Accessed on 13 July 2020 [27] Alliance, W. (2017) Another Coal Barge Sinks in the Sundarbans World Heritage Site, EcoWatch, Jan 17, 2017 Accessed on 13 July 2020 [28] Ibid., [29] Ibid., [30] Kumar, C., (2013). "Bangladesh Power Plant Struggle Calls for International Solidarity". The Huffington Post, 24 Septembe, 2013 Accessed on July 13, 2020 Mahmud, I., (2016), "Unesco calls for shelving Rampal project", 24 September, 2016 Accessed on July 13, 2020 [31] "The Roar of Disapproval", HighBeam Research, February 20, 2016. cited in Dhaka Courier. 29 September 2013  Accessed on July 13, 2020 Anisul,  I. N., (2015). "Rampal plant won't hamper environ". The New Nation. 27 October, 2015  Accessed on July 13, 2020 [32] "More reasons to stop Rampal power plant". New Age (Editorial). Dhaka. May 26, 2013. Accessed on July 13, 2020 [33] "DoE changes stance on Rampal power plant". The Financial Express Accessed on July 13, 2020 [34] Case Study, UNESCO Accessed July 13, 2020 [35] Ibid., [36] George, N., (2010). "Disputed isle in Bay of Bengal disappears into sea". Yahoo News. Associated Press. 24 March 2010 Accessed on July 13, 2020 [37] Ibid., [38] Ibid., [39] Ibid., [40] Bengali forests are fading away, Zoological Society of London (ZSL) January 11, 2013   July 13, 20 [41] Climate Crisis: Bengal Tigers And TheSundarbans Face Extinction, Countercurrents.org January 30, 2013 [42] Ibid., [43] Ibid., [44] Ibid., [45] Galrling, B. (2015) Oil Spill in Bangladesh! Why do mangroves matter?), Mission Blue Sylvia Earle Alliance, January 9, 2015 July 12, 2020 [46] Ibid., [47] Hazra, S., (2002) Sea Level and associated changes in the Sundarbans, Science and Culture (ISSN 0036-8156), Vol 68, Issue no 9-12, 2002, School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University pp 309-321 July 12, 2020 [48] Ibid., [49] Ghosh, A. (2015) 'Everyday disasters' driving flight from Sundarbans, Thompson Reuters Foundation News, April 7, 2015 Accessed on July 15, 2020 [50] Ghosh, A. (2015) 'Poor planning, climate shifts devastating India's Sundarbans', Thompson Reuters Foundation News, November 17, 2012 Accessed on July 15, 2020 [51] Scheyvens, R. and Momsen, J. H. (2008) Tourism and Poverty Reduction: Issues for Small Island States, An  International Journal of Tourism Space, Place and Environment Vol 10,  Issue 1, Feb 12, 2008 [52] Ibid., [53] Schilcher, D.  Growth Versus Equity: The Continuum of Pro-Poor Tourism and Neoliberal Governance in Hall, M. C. (Ed.) (2007) Current Themes in Tourism: Pro-poor Tourism: Who Benefits? Perspectives on Tourism and Poverty Reduction (Clevedon: Channel View Publications) [54] Ibid., [55] Goodwin, H. (2017) The International Centre for Responsible Tourism, Responsible Tourism Partnership taking responsibility for making tourism more sustainable, ICRT, October 3, 2017,  Accessed on July 21, 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------